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Python环境安装

Posted Updated
By JuZi 4 min read

直接安装Python

  • Ubuntu
    1. 安装python3：sudo apt install python3
    2. 安装pip3：sudo apt install python3-pip

  • Linux源码安装（CentOS）

    由于Python3.7+要求openssl 1.0.2+，而centos 6的openssl的版本是1.0.1，因此最高能安装的Python版本为3.6，否则就只能升级openssl版本。

    1. 下载源码：https://www.python.org/downloads/source/
    2. 解压：tar zxvf xxx.tgz
    3. 编译：make
    4. 安装：make install

    安装完成后，python3会出现在/usr/local/bin/python3

  • Windows
    1. 下载安装包：https://www.python.org/downloads/windows/
    2. 根据安装向导指示安装
    3. 安装pip：python -m ensurepip

在Conda中安装Python

安装Conda

  • Linux
    1. 下载安装脚本：wget https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
    2. 执行脚本：sh Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
    3. 当提示Do you wish the installer to initialize Miniconda3 by running conda init?时输入yes，该步会将conda初始化脚本加入到~/.bashrc
    4. 登陆时调用bashrc：vi ~/.bash_profile，在末尾加入以下内容：
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if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
  • Windows
    1. 下载安装包：https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Windows-x86_64.exe
    2. 根据安装向导指示安装
    3. 将conda目录C:\Users\%User%\miniconda3\condabin加入到环境变量，将%User%替换为实际用户名。
    4. 如果要在powershell中使用conda，需要执行命令：conda init powershell
    5. 如果powshell报错：无法加载文件xxx，因为在此系统上禁止运行脚本，则需要用管理员身份运行命令：set-executionpolicy remotesigned

安装完成后，conda会在控制台开启时自动激活conda环境，如果想要不自动激活，可以执行命令：conda config --set auto_activate_base false

创建Python环境

语法：conda create -n <env_name> python=<python_version>

例：conda create -n py382 python=3.8.2 -y

Conda常用命令

  • 查看env列表：conda env list
  • 切换env：conda activate py38

Pip相关命令

  • 更新pip：python -m pip install --upgrade pip

  • 安装python模块：pip install <module_name>

  • 安装模块时指定版本：pip install <module_name>==<version>

  • 安装模块时指定源：pip install <module_name> -i <source_url>

  • 设置默认源：pip config set global.index-url <source_url>

常用pip源

  • 阿里：https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/

  • 腾讯：https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/pypi/simple/

  • 清华：https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

  • 中科大：https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/

Jupyter Notebook

  • 启动：jupyter notebook --ip=0.0.0.0 --port=<port> --no-browser

  • 后台运行：nohup jupyter notebook --ip=0.0.0.0 --port=<port> --no-browser &

  • 查看：jupyter notebook list

  • 关闭：jupyter notebook stop（关闭当前用户启动的notebook）

  • 设置访问密码：jupyter notebook password

  • 安装扩展

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    pip install jupyter_nbextensions_configurator jupyter_contrib_nbextensions

jupyter contrib nbextension install --user

jupyter nbextensions_configurator enable --user

常用扩展

Edit-nbextensions config

  • Codefolding：代码折叠
  • Comment/Uncomment Hotkey：注释快捷键
  • ExecuteTime: 执行时间
  • Highlight selected word：已选文字高亮

  • Hinterland：代码自动补全

    注：Hinterland只与ipython7.20+兼容，若不满足会有如下报错

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    [IPKernelApp] ERROR | Exception in message handler:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/ljx/miniconda3/envs/py382/lib/python3.8/site-packages/ipykernel/kernelbase.py", line 265, in dispatch_shell
  yield gen.maybe_future(handler(stream, idents, msg))
File "/home/ljx/miniconda3/envs/py382/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tornado/gen.py", line 762, in run
  value = future.result()
File "/home/ljx/miniconda3/envs/py382/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tornado/gen.py", line 234, in wrapper
  yielded = ctx_run(next, result)
File "/home/ljx/miniconda3/envs/py382/lib/python3.8/site-packages/ipykernel/kernelbase.py", line 580, in complete_request
  matches = yield gen.maybe_future(self.do_complete(code, cursor_pos))
File "/home/ljx/miniconda3/envs/py382/lib/python3.8/site-packages/ipykernel/ipkernel.py", line 356, in do_complete
  return self._experimental_do_complete(code, cursor_pos)
File "/home/ljx/miniconda3/envs/py382/lib/python3.8/site-packages/ipykernel/ipkernel.py", line 381, in _experimental_do_complete
  completions = list(_rectify_completions(code, raw_completions))
File "/home/ljx/miniconda3/envs/py382/lib/python3.8/site-packages/IPython/core/completer.py", line 484, in rectify_completions
  completions = list(completions)
File "/home/ljx/miniconda3/envs/py382/lib/python3.8/site-packages/IPython/core/completer.py", line 1818, in completions
  for c in self._completions(text, offset, _timeout=self.jedi_compute_type_timeout/1000):
File "/home/ljx/miniconda3/envs/py382/lib/python3.8/site-packages/IPython/core/completer.py", line 1861, in _completions
  matched_text, matches, matches_origin, jedi_matches = self._complete(
File "/home/ljx/miniconda3/envs/py382/lib/python3.8/site-packages/IPython/core/completer.py", line 2029, in _complete
  completions = self._jedi_matches(
File "/home/ljx/miniconda3/envs/py382/lib/python3.8/site-packages/IPython/core/completer.py", line 1373, in _jedi_matches
  interpreter = jedi.Interpreter(
File "/home/ljx/miniconda3/envs/py382/lib/python3.8/site-packages/jedi/api/__init__.py", line 725, in __init__
  super().__init__(code, environment=environment,
TypeError: __init__() got an unexpected keyword argument 'column'
  • isort formatter：isort格式化imports
  • Live Markdown Preview：动态Markdown预览
  • Snippets Menu：代码片段菜单
  • Toggle all line numbers：切换行号显示
  • Variable Inspector：变量监视 （慎用，可能会影响性能）
Programming, Python
Python
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